The Layout Process of Buildings on the Land – Visualization at Full Scale on Site
Each act of building needs to have a positive effect on its surroundings; to complete them, preserve their structure, make them better, by creating strong centers in them and next to them. Each new building is more alive when it fits into its context, makes the larger area more profound, enlarges it in spirit. Each building, especially in its siting, its location, its volumes, and in the outdoor spaces they create, will be shaped to protect its neighbor buildings, to extend pedestrian canopies, to improve the space in adjacent streets in conjunction with other nearby buildings.
The effect is that each building enlivens and intensifies the land.
The way to start is to be on the land, on the actual ground of the building site, study it and understand its latent centers.
The actual process of locating and sizing the volumes of a building and its outdoor spaces, might differ from case to case depending on the particularities of each case, but the only way to do it properly and extend the real benefits beyond the limits of the project site to its surroundings, is to visualize the building while being on the actual site and to stake out on the land all building edges and all important exterior centers, step by step, always with reference to the surroundings.
Going back and forth between the the land and a work model at 1:200 scale, which shows the contours of the land, roads, surrounding buildings and trees, is a way to view and assess the results by replicating the stake out on the model with small paper models of the building volumes. It provides additonal insights, since it enables an easier perception of the whole. .
Thoughts and Arguments Explored and Developed
Every building is placed and shaped to form a positive pattern of space
Building volumes and important outdoor spaces are laid out on the actual site
The purpose of the buildings is to bring life to the land
It is the land that really matters
It is through structure-preserving transformations that buildings are shaped and placed for enlarging the wholeness of the land
References
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The Production of Houses
1985
The fifth volume in “The Center for Environmental Structure Series” on architecture published by Oxford University Press, “The Production of Houses” puts Alexander’s theories to the test and shows what sort of production system can create the kind of environment Alexander ...
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The Nature of Order - An Essay on the Art of Building and the Nature of the Universe.
Book Two - The Process of Creating Life
2002
“The Process of Creating Life”, the second volume of “The Nature of Order” series presents a dynamic theory of living structure. It begins with an analysis of transformations, which occur in nature, and the distinction between structure-preserving transformations, responsible for ...
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The Nature of Order - An Essay on the Art of Building and the Nature of the Universe.
Book Three - A Vision of a Living World
2005
“A Vision of a Living World”, the third volume of “The Nature of Order” series, presents, for the first time, a full spectrum of Alexander’s and CES built and unbuilt works. The book describes hundreds of buildings, plans, neighborhoods, drawings, ...
SEE ALL Books
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Chapter 22: Shaping a Group of Buildings
1979.I.TWOBU.22
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Appendix A Small Example of a Living Process, 1 / A Radical New Process
Appendix A Small Example of a Living Process, 2 / Finding a Site
Appendix A Small Example of a Living Process, 3 / First Analysis of Site with Rough Twisted Paper and Balsa Models New Process
Appendix A Small Example of a Living Process, 4 / Full-Size Tests of Volume and Position on Site
Appendix A Small Example of a Living Process, 5 / A First Sketch
Appendix A Small Example of a Living Process, 6 / Checking the Neighbors' Views
Appendix A Small Example of a Living Process, 7 / First Emergence of an Interior Plan
Appendix A Small Example of a Living Process, 8 / Extension of the Lot: The Little Plum Tree
Appendix A Small Example of a Living Process, 9 / Deeper Questions about the Feeling of the Plan
Appendix A Small Example of a Living Process, 10 / A Deeper Conception of the Living Room
Appendix A Small Example of a Living Process, 11 / Laying the House out on the Land
Appendix A Small Example of a Living Process, 12 / Starting to Get a General idea of Construction
Appendix A Small Example of a Living Process, 13 / Establishing Rooms
Appendix A Small Example of a Living Process, 14 / Upstairs Rooms
Appendix A Small Example of a Living Process, 15 / Analysis of Costs
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Appendix. A Small Example of a Living Process, 18 / Start of Construction
Appendix. A Small Example of a Living Process, 19 / The Retaining Wall
Appendix. A Small Example of a Living Process, 20 / Management Agreement that Feeling Must Guide Even the Most Technical Aspects of Construction
Appendix. A Small Example of a Living Process, 21 / Setting the Main-Floor Level
Appendix. A Small Example of a Living Process, 22 / Excavation
Appendix. A Small Example of a Living Process, 23 / Fine-Tuning the Plan as we Fix Forms for the Foundation Walls
SEE ALL Book Chapters
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Stanislaus County Mental Health Center
1970 to
1973
A community mental health center for outpatients and outpatient care with seven buildings, including clinics, outpatient facilities, therapeutic departments for adults, teenagers and children, staff facilities, administrative offices, gardens, courts and walkways, with total area 24,000 square feet. The key ...
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Etna Street Cottage
1974
Experimental building project, two-story 400 sq. ft. cottage, with a hollow wooden structure filled with concrete and featherweight concrete vaults. Completed in ten weeks, without a building permit at the back of the C.E.S. office on Etna Street, and was ...
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Low Cost Houses for Mexicali
1975 to
1977
A cluster of houses for large families, with a builders yard, built by the families themselves with the help of students from the Universidad Autonoma of Mexico, and a team of builders from the Center for Environmental Structure. Each house ...
SEE ALL Projects
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Christopher Alexander, Theory and Practice
01/07/1984
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An Uncommon Bench: A Small Building by Architect Christopher Alexander and Associates
01/09/1984
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Das Machen von Gebäuden: Eishin College - Eishin High School bei Tokio / The Making of Buildings: Eishin College - Eishin High School at Tokyo
01/02/1986
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Moshav Shorashim: Response to letter dated 26-Mar-1982, with information on the progress of design regarding access road, public buildings and infrastructure, and request for additional information regarding enclosed copy of original layout on site; also two pages of notes used for the preparation of letter
24/04/1982
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House and Spiritual Retreat for Mary LaMar: Handwritten note to Christopher Alexander referring to sketches and asking his feedback on house layout adjustments made on site, regarding details of house volumes position; includes two drawings
19/08/1994
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House and Spiritual Retreat for Mary LaMar: Handwritten note to Christopher Alexander referring to site plan adjustments and clients' initial reaction to the new building new stake out
16/09/1994
SEE ALL Correspondence
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Lecture on "The Nature of Order", given during Fall 1991
24/10/1991
Cassette tape of the sixteenth Fall semester lecture by Christopher Alexander on “First Example of Building Process”, explaining the importance of a dynamic step by step process used in a specific building from its initial conception and through continuous corrections, ...
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Lecture on "The Nature of Order", given during Fall 1992
25/10/1992
2-sided cassette tape of the third Fall semester lecture by Christopher Alexander, focuses on the Upham house and the detailed steps taken from the beginning of his discussions with the family and throughout the whole project. This lecture tries to ...
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Pasadena Zoning Ordinance for Multi-Family Housing
1 1st copy
06/08/1987
159-page draft of the 16-Nov-1987 project report in two parts. Part One: Philosophy and Intent, with the following four chapters, 1) Intent of the Ordinance; 2) The Coherence of the Neighborhood; 3) Examples of Individual Projects; 4) Density. Part Two: ...
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Pasadena Zoning Ordinance for Multi-Family Housing: Draft
16/11/1987
103-page draft of the 16-Nov-1987 project report in three chapters. Its chapter and subchapter titles are different but the contents are similar and include extensive editing on text and suggestions on language tone. It is organized as follows: Chapter 1) ...
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Pasadena Zoning Ordinance for Multi-Family Housing: Section Two: Residential Design Standards
20/11/1987
38 pages of the “Section Two: Residential Design Standards” in which the following design aspects are explained: 1. Open space standards in which, tables with minimum required areas for surface parking, parking with dwelling over, fully, and partially subterranean parking ...
SEE ALL Manuscripts
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Low Cost Houses for Mexicali: Sketches of subdivision process
8 8) Final lot subdivision with name of owners and lot sizes
01/01/1976
Eight outline sketches of the house cluster recording parts of the sequence of the subdivision process, which was performed together with the families on the land, using stakes, blocks and chalk lines to mark corners and boundaries.
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Low Cost Houses for Mexicali: Sketches of future development
01/01/1976
Site plan depicting the future development of house clusters; growth extends along a pedestrian spine as a continuation of the first house cluster and the builders’ yard laid-out by the families and of a second cluster with an indicative layout. ...
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Low Cost Houses for Mexicali: Preliminary Design Drawings - Clusters
01/01/1976
Outline-plans of the two clusters; the first refers to the builder’s yard and focuses on the two courtyards, well defined by the building volumes, and the second depicts the house cluster with its central courtyard .
SEE ALL Drawings
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Moshav Shorashim: Handbook for House Design
01/01/1982
71-page document, which outines the process for the house layout process on site by the families under the guidance of C.E.S. staff. It has three parts; Part I. Centers; Part II. The Rules; Part III. The Detailed Layout of the ...
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New Eishin University: Progress report
20/02/1983
Progress report describing the fundamental design and construction principles, as well as the early works that took place in laying out the site. It includes the following eleven sections: 1. Design philosophy; 2. Memorandum on construction method and management; 3. ...
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Neighborhood of Seventy Low Cost Houses: Simulations of Sequence for Neighborhood Layout, Lot Division, and House Layout
01/08/1986
48-page document on the sequence of design decisions for the neighborhood layout, the lot division and the house layout, accompanied with examples.
SEE ALL Reports
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Low Cost Houses for Mexicali: Layout of a cluster
01/01/1976
Steps to follow for the location of the individual building masses in a cluster, by using nine patterns in such a way that space formed by each house is positive in character. One page with guidelines and two more with ...
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Moshav Shorashim: Testing of the rules for laying out a house on the site, with reference to a sequence of sketches
2 2nd set of comments
15/08/1981
Two sets of comments on the rules for the layout a house on the site, after they had been tested by one of the future inhabitants of the Moshav; rules 1 to 26 with comments and a sequence of sketches, ...
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Moshav Shorashim: Detailed notes by Christopher Alexander describing six days of laying out the settlement with the families on the site
01/05/1981
Twelve typewritten pages with titles as follows: Layout Day 1, End of First Day, Second Day Tasks, End of Second Day, Third Day Open Questions, End of Third Day, Comments on Communal Plan at End of Third Day, Fourth Day, ...
SEE ALL Records
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Etna street Cottage: Photographs of the layout process
01/01/1974
Two images depicting the initial step of staking out the position of the cottage on the lot.
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Low-cost Houses for Mexicali: Photographs of drawings
8 8) Site plan sketch indicating a sequential development of house clusters
01/01/1976
Photographs of eight project drawings, including axonometrics, floor plans and sketches of the builders yard and the five-house cluster. Special interest draw two sketches, one of the house cluster drawn on a blackboard, and the other one of a site ...
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Low-cost Houses for Mexicali: Photographs of the layout process
5 5) Chalking out lines between blocks to test shape of open space and access paths
01/01/1976
Five photos from the layout process of the house cluster by the families on the site ground, using corner stakes, blocks and chalk lines to mark corners and edges of buildings and open space.
SEE ALL Photographs